In the session we looked at the true definition of learning and instruction. Learning is defined as a change in he learning what the learners knows/demonstrated by their behaviour, which is caused by the learner’s experience which can be influence by instruction.
Instruction is the” training professionals manipulation of learners experiences to foster learning” (Mayer,2011). There are three elements to instruction they are;
- trainer uses instruction to affect the learners experience
- the aim of this manipulation is to change what the learners knows.
- the aim of the science of instruction is a set of research-based principle for how to design, develop and deliver instructions.
‘Three Learning Principles”
- Limited Capacity
- Dual Channels
- Active Processing
Experiment
In our session we carried out an experiment on how memory works for each individuals in the class. We had two parts to this experiment Part 1 we looked at unrelated word that were read out over 30 seconds and we were given instruction to listen and try to remember and write down as many words that were said in the 30 second period of time, Part 2 of the experiment was for us to listen to words that were related in topic and then write down as many as we could re-call which was easier than the first part of the experiment.
From the experiment we came in conclusion that part 2 of the experiment was more easier then part 1 as, we were able to remember it more than words that we were not that familiar with. We learnt how our capability to remember is limited as what we learn from one session some of us may have difficulties in remembering all the word related to that topic at once. We learnt that in order to remember what we learn we tend to recall better words, rehearse more or try to elaborated by connecting it to other knowledge.
Reading
Clark and Mayer (2011) state how e-learning courses on how people learn should be based on two principles; cognitive load theory and scientific research.
Cognitive load theory
- Extraneous processing-depresses learning
- Essential processing-complexity of content
- Generative processing- Facilitates learning
Technology centred in e-learning
- looks at the idea of using modern innovative online resources like games and social media to teach.
- promotes learning through use of different technology in order to make the learning process easier however, it shows risk toward the learns needs and their ability which are overlooked during this process.
Learning centred approach
- puts learner in the core of the approach and the idea of using technology to fit around each individuals unique way of learning.
- does not dislike to use of ground-breaking new ‘state of the art’ technological invention
- it looks at the different need of the learner before selecting which technology will be suitable for learner to use.
Chapter 2 in: Clark, Ruth C., and Richard E. Mayer. E-learning and the science of instruction: proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer, 2011.
