WEEK 6 OF TEACHING TNA.    7.5HRS.

MORNING SESSION:

We start our day with a reflection as we normally do, to ginger us up for the start of the week, which I think helps us. The topic for this week’s learning is ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.

We looked at the learning outcomes and we say the nervous system detects and responds to changes inside and outside the body.

It’s also control vital aspects of the body function and alongside the endocrine system maintains homeostasis. The nervous system consists of the Brain, Spinal cord and Peripheral Nerves. They are grouped as:

Central Nervous System (CNS); the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS; all nerves inside the brain and spinal cord.

There are Sensory (Afferent) Division and the Motor (efferent) Division.

The sensory division contains sensory receptor and transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS. In the somatic sensory, it receives information from the skin, joint, skeletal muscles, sight, taste, smell, hearing and balance.

The motor division transmits impulses from the CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands) and consist of Somatic nervous system (voluntary) that is the motor innervation of all skeletal muscles and the Autonomic nervous system (involuntary), the motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and all glands.

The Autonomic nervous system is further split into two divisions, that is the Sympathetic division and the Parasympathetic division. The Sympathetic division mobilises the body systems during emergency situations ‘fight or flight’. (Its responds to hyper stimulus and increases heart rate) The Parasympathetic division conserves energy, protects non-emergency functions ‘Rest and digest’. (Responds to action and decreases heart rate).

We looked at Nerve Synapse, there is always more than one neurone involved in the transmission of a nerve impulse.

The neurones do not physically touch each other when transmitting impulses to one another.

The point at which the impulses conduct from the presynapyic neurone to the post synaptic is called the Nervous Synapse.

A nerve is a collection of neurones in a bundle, they are: Sensory, Motor and Mixed. The sensory/ afferent nerves carry impulses from the body to the spinal cord. The sensory receptors: respond to different stimuli inside and outside the body e.g: pain, cold, heat, touch to name but a few.

The motor/ efferent nerves originate in the brain, spinal cord and autonomic ganglia. It transmits impulses to the effector organs: muscles and glands.

The mixed nerves, where the sensory and motor nerves are enclosed in the same connective tissue, they are mixed nerves

                                                                                  KSBs ADDRESSED.

S8: Recognise signs of vulnerability in self or colleagues and the action required to minimise risks to health.

K10: Understand the Principles of epidemiology, demography, and genomics and how these may influence health and well-being outcomes.

K11: Understand the factor that may lead to inequalities in health outcomes.

K12: Understand the importance of early years and childhood experiences, and the possible impact on life choices, mental, physical and behavioural health and well-being

K13: Understand the contribution of social influences, health, literacy, individual circumstances, behaviours and lifestyle choices to mental, physical and behavioral health outcomes.

S14: Promote prevent health behaviours and provide information to support people to make informed choices to improve their mental, physical, behavioural health and wellbeing.

K16: Understand the body systems homeostasis, human anatomy and physiology, biology, genomics, pharmacology, social and behavioural sciences as applied to delivery of care.

K17: Understand commonly encountered mental, physical, behavioural and cognitive health conditions as applied to delivery of care.

K38: Understand the complexities of providing mental, cognitive, behavioural and physical care needs across a wide range of care of integrated care settings.

                                                          AFTERNOON SESSION.

For the afternoon session, we looked at Ethical and Legal aspect of nursing.

We briefly looked at the course outline and what the principles of ethics which are Autonomy, Beneficence Non-Maleficence and Justice.

Autonomy basically talks about the right to individual choice. No control or interference from others (thought, will and action).

Beneficence talks about the best interest of the patient. Nursing care should be a benefit to the patient.

Non-maleficence, which is doing no harm to the patient. The desire to do no harm which is more harmful, to do nothing or to do something.

Justice, the equality and fairness. We consider how resources are used – it is fair and just can cause moral conflict.

We looked at accountability and responsibility, that accountability deals with you as an individual has been accountable for, if anything goes wrong, it on you wholly, been accountable (RN) you delegate duties to other members of staff (HCAs), there comes responsibility, in this case the HCAs are responsible of the task been delegated to them. but in overall, the person (RN) is accountable for everything. I learnt that as a health worker, we are accountable to the public, our employers, the patients, the profession to name but a few.

We looked at Consent, that it is a general legal and ethical principle that valid consent must be obtained before commencing an examination, starting treatment or physical investigation, or providing care. This principle reflects the right of a person to determine what happens to their own bodies or what shapes the care and support they receive (informed consent).

We further on looked at Confidentiality, the information provided can only be used to the purpose for which it was given and not disclosed without their permission. The exception to this would be if you believe someone may be at risk of harm. Above all, we should respect people’s right to privacy and confidentiality.

                                                                  KSBs ADDRESSED.

K6: Understand and apply relevant legal, regulatory and governance requirements, policies, and ethical frameworks, including any mandatory reporting duties, to all areas of practice.

K18: Understand and apply the principles and processes for making reasonable adjustments.

S18: Apply knowledge, communication and relationship management skills required to provide people, families and carers with accurate information that meets their needs before, during and after a range of interventions.

S19: Recognise when capacity has changed. Recognise how the person’s capacity has affects their ability to make decisions about their own care and to give or withhold consent.

K26: Understand where and how to seek guidance and support from others to ensure that the best interests of those receiving care are upheld.

S25: Meet people’s needs for safety, dignity, privacy, comfort and sleep.

K36: Understand the roles of different providers of health and care.

K41: Know the roles, responsibility and scope of practice of different members of the nursing and interdisciplinary team, and own role within.

S38: Prioritise and manage own workload and recognise where elements of care can safely be delegated to other colleagues, carers and family members.