PM SESSION.            20/09/2024

 

SEARCH STRATEGIES AND HIERARCHIES OF EVIDENCE

 

We looked at the learning outcomes, the search strategies. We consider key words, synonyms, inclusion and exclusion, criteria, publication date  to name but a few.  For the resources we looked at the : 

• library  catalogue, 
• a book- useful for background check
• Journal articles( most published articles research is found in peer reviewed journals) (key journals cover specific topic reports).
• Government or organisational reports (NHS, King’s Fund).

The database search mainly focuses on searching electronic data to find search papers that can be applied to the practice and used as evidence. 

The database search has 4 steps approach to searching electronic data:

• Key words
• Decide on appropriate databases to search.
• Search using index terms and text searching. Combine search terms and apply appropriate limits.
• Evaluate  and revise the search strategy, follow up results.

We used CINAHL as a demo on a search example. This was quite helpful, though I need more practice for this. 

The consequences of flawed research. A case study on the MMR vaccine controversy. Andrew Wakefield’s 1998 study linking MMR vaccine to Autism. The study design flaws sample size was based on 12 children, no control group, making results unreliable and inconsistent and flawed data collection methods.

The conflicts of interest were funded by lawyers preparing lawsuits against vaccine manufacturers, creating bias.

The ethical violations – unethical procedures on children without proper approval.

The following were the implication of poor research:

• Vaccine Hesitancy – Sparked a global movement of parents refusing the MMR vaccine, leading to disease outbreaks.
• Public Health Impact –  measles and other preventable diseases resurged as vaccination rates dropped.
• Damage to Trust in Science – eroded public trust in vaccines and scientific research. Misinformation continues to spread, influencing public health.

 

                   

 

                                            KSBs ADDRESSED.

 

                                     KNOWLEDGE

 

K1: Understand the Code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses, midwives and nursing associates (NMC, 2018), and how to fulfil all registration requirements.

K4: Understand the principles of research and how research findings are used to inform evidence-based practice.

K6: Understand and apply relevant legal, regulatory and governance requirements, policies, and ethical frameworks, including any mandatory reporting duties, to all areas of practice. 

K7: Understand the importance of courage and transparency and apply the Duty of Candour. 

K8: Understand how discriminatory behaviour is exhibited .

K10: Understand the principles of epidemiology, demography, and genomics and how these may influence health and well-being outcomes.

K11: Understand the factors that may lead to inequalities in health outcomes. 

K30: Understand the principles of health and safety legislation and regulations and maintain safe work and care environments.

K33: Understand when to seek appropriate advice to manage a risk and avoid compromising quality of care and health outcomes. 

K37: Understand the challenges of providing safe nursing care for people with complex co-morbidities and complex care needs. 

K43: Understand the influence of policy and political drivers that impact health and care provision Skills.

 

                                      

                                       SKILLS

 

S1: Act in accordance with the Code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses, midwives and nursing associates (NMC, 2018), and fulfil all registration requirements. 

S3: Recognise and report any factors that may adversely impact safe and effective care provision.

S5: Safely demonstrate evidence-based practice in all skills and procedures required for entry to the register: Standards of proficiency for nursing associates Annex A & B (NMC 2018). 

 

S7: Communicate effectively using a range of skills and strategies with colleagues and people at all stages of life and with a range of mental, physical, cognitive and behavioural health challenges. 

S9: Develop, manage and maintain appropriate relationships with people, their families, carers and colleagues. 

S11: Report any situations, behaviours or errors that could result in poor care outcomes. 

S43: Contribute to team reflection activities to promote improvements in practice and services.

                           

 

                                                    BEHAVIOURS

 

B1: Treat people with dignity, respecting individual’s diversity, beliefs, culture, needs, values, privacy and preferences 

B2: Show respect and empathy for those you work with, have the courage to challenge areas of concern and work to evidence based best practice 

B3: Be adaptable, reliable and consistent, show discretion, resilience and self-awareness